| 四个现代化 | si4 ge4 xian4 dai4 hua4 | abbr. to 四化 |
| 熟练 | shou2 lian4 shu2 lian4 | experienced |
| 熟习 | shou2 xi2 shu2 xi2 | skillful |
| 涉世未深 | she4 shi4 wei4 shen1 | naive |
| 不熟练的 | bu4 shou2 lian4 de5 | inexpert |
| 未实行的 | wei4 shi2 xing2 de5 | unacted |
| 和珅 | he2 shen1 | Heshen (1746-1799), Manchu official of the Qing Dynasty who openly practiced various forms of corruption on a grand scale |