| 上 | shang4 | upper |
| 过去 | guo4 qu4 guo4 qu5 | former |
| 以前 | yi3 qian2 | ago |
| 者 | zhe3 | (old) this |
| 上述 | shang4 shu4 | aforementioned |
| 曾经 | ceng2 jing1 | ever |
| 之前 | zhi1 qian2 | ago |
| 则 | ze2 | rule |
| 此前 | ci3 qian2 | previously |
| 曾 | zeng1 | once |
| 从前 | cong2 qian2 | formerly |
| 上个 | shang4 ge4 | the above |
| 往 | wang3 wang3 | past |