| 密切 | mi4 qie4 mi4 qie1 | familiar |
| 培养 | pei2 yang3 | to breed |
| 抚育 | fu3 yu4 | to tend |
| 抚养 | fu3 yang3 | to foster |
| 养育 | yang3 yu4 | to raise |
| 养子 | yang3 zi3 | foster son |
| 助推 | zhu4 tui1 | to foster |
| 哺育 | bu3 yu4 | to nourish |
| 养父 | yang3 fu4 | adoptive father |
| 扶养 | fu2 yang3 | to raise |
| 养母 | yang3 mu3 | adoptive mother |
| 寄养 | ji4 yang3 | to foster |
| 扶植 | fu2 zhi2 | to support |