| 世纪 | shi4 ji4 | century |
| 年代 | nian2 dai4 | age |
| 商 | shang1 | merchant |
| 近代 | jin4 dai4 | latest generation |
| 百年 | bai3 nian2 | lifetime |
| 国语 | guo2 yu3 | national language |
| 世纪末 | shi4 ji4 mo4 | end of the century |
| 诸侯 | zhu1 hou2 | local official |
| 中叶 | zhong1 ye4 | middle period |
| 侵华 | qin1 hua2 | to invade China (referring to 19th century imperialist powers and Japan) |
| 南朝 | nan2 chao2 | southern dynasty |
| 禁烟 | jin4 yan1 jin1 yan1 | smoking ban |
| 二十一世纪 | er4 shi2 yi1 shi4 ji4 | 21st century |