| 安南 | an1 nan2 | old name for Vietnam |
| 北魏 | bei3 wei4 | one of the Northern Dynasties |
| 墨子 | mo4 zi3 | Mozi (c. 470-391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家[Mo4 jia1] of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC) |
| 马赫 | ma3 he4 | Mach (name) |
| 凉 | liang2 | cool |
| 北朝 | bei3 chao2 | North Kingdom |
| 拓跋 | ta4 ba2 tuo4 ba2 | also written æ‹“æ‹” |
| 朱元璋 | zhu1 yuan2 zhang1 | Zhu Yuanzhang, personal name of first Ming dynasty emperor Hongwu æ´ªæ¦[Hong2 Wu3] |
| 商鞅 | shang1 yang1 | Truncated - click through for definition |
| 西夏 | xi1 xia4 | Western Xia dynasty 1038-1227 of Tangut people é»¨é …å…šé¡¹ occupying modern Ningxia and parts of Gansu and Shaanxi, overthrown by Mongols |
| 鲁宾 | lu3 bin1 | Rubin (name) |
| 薛福成 | xue1 fu2 cheng2 | Xue Fucheng (1838-1894), Qing official and progressive political theorist |
| 洪武 | hong2 wu3 | reign name (1386-1398) of first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋 (posthumous name Ming Taizu 明太祖) |